I am a temperate fruiting shrub producing clusters of black aggregate berries.

Native to Europe, Asia, and North America.

Water weekly; keep soil moist but well-drained.

Requires full sun to partial shade.

Thrives in 15–25°C; tolerates mild frost.

Plant in sandy-loam soil; spacing 1–2 meters apart; train on trellises.

Apply compost and balanced NPK every 2–3 months.

Botanical name: Rubus fruticosus (complex of species); Family: Rosaceae.

Fruits are safe; leaves and stems have thorns.

Moderate; dense foliage reduces dust.

Fruits rich in vitamin C, vitamin K, fiber, and antioxidants; eaten fresh, dried, or processed.

Susceptible to cane blight, aphids, and fruit rot; prune for airflow and monitor regularly.

Can live 10–15 years; starts fruiting in 2–3 years; peak yield from year 5 onward.